Key Facts
 Other names Gloriana
 Born 1533
 Location  Greenwich Palace
Bloodline House of Tudor
Married No
Children None
Position Queen of England (1558-1603)
Died March 1603 (Aged 70)

 
 Source of Facts and Important Announcement
Status Under Article 64.6 of the Covenant of One-Heaven (Pactum De Singularis Caelum) by Special Qualification shall be known as a Saint, with all sins and evil acts they performed forgiven.
Date of formal Beatification   Day of Redemption UCA[E1:Y1:A1:S1:M9:D1] also known as Fri, 21 Dec 2012.
Source of Facts Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint.
  Background
  Elizabeth was born the daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, reputedly one of the most beautiful Queen consorts in the world at the time. In 1534, the 1st wife of Henry VIII--Catherine of Aragon--and her 18 year old daughter Mary were banished from court, with Mary legally demoted from a Princess to an illegitimate child with the title Lady Mary and forced to become a Lady-in-Waiting for 12 month old Elizabeth.
  However, in 1536 her mother Anne Boleyn was implicated in the poisoning death of Catherine of Aragon--an act that threatened England with invasion and destruction from Charles V and the whole Holy Roman Empire.
  In any event, Anne Boleyn was executed soon after in 1536 on trumped up charges, designed to hide the obvious fact that she and her attendants were found guilty of the murder of Catherine of Aragon. Henry then restored Mary to the line of succession and downgraded Elizabeth of the status of Lady removing her from the line of succession.
  In 1547, Henry died and was succeeded by his child son Edward VI. While raised a Protestant, the advisors of child King Edward VI were in no rush to restore Elizabeth to her title and position in the line of succession. Catherine Parr, Henry's last wife, soon married Thomas Seymour of Sudeley, Edward VI's uncle and the brother of the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset. The couple took the 13 year old Elizabeth into their household at Chelsea.
  During her two year stay at Chelsea, there is strong evidence that Thomas Seymour repeatedly raped and sexually molested Elizabeth resulting in her falling pregnant. Soon after Catherine Parr "conveniently" died reputedly of puerperal fever--normally associated with childbirth. Thomas Seymour then sought the permission of his brother Edward to urgently marry 14 year old (pregnant) Elizabeth.
  The scandal threatened to derail unleash war between the Protestant and Catholic families if news of the actions of Thomas Seymour were discovered and so his brother Edward and Lord Protector was forced to execute his brother in early 1549. What happened to the illegitimate child of Elizabeth has never been properly revealed--however the experience, including her own interrogation and imprisonment after giving birth as well as the brutal sexual abuse leading to her pregnancy forever affected her.
  In July 1553, Edward VI died of tuberculosis with neither Elizabeth nor Mary legally in the line of succession. The former most senior advisor to the boy King at the time--John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland-- instead naming Dudley's daughter-in-law Lady Jane Grey as rightful Queen.
  The plan failed and Lady Jane Grey was Queen for only a few days before Mary rode triumphantly into London on a wave of popular support to legally assume the crown at aged 37. The conspirators were arrested and John Dudley executed soon after. Mary then appointed Stephen Gardiner as her Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Winchester.
  Edward's religious laws were abolished by Mary's first Parliament in the Statute of Repeal Act (1553). Church doctrine was restored to the form it had taken in the 1547 Six Articles including the crime of death for heresy against the Vatican through the Revival of the Heresy Acts 1554.
  Under Mary, thousands died for the first time in England by the barbaric method of being burned alive beginning with Thomas Cranmer while Cardinal Reginald Pole was made her Archbishop of Cantebury.
  While beyond the optimum age for children, Mary still hoped to conceive a Catholic heir and in July 1554 married Prince Philip (later Philip II of Spain), son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
  Rebellion immediate broke out by Protestant loyalists, with the Duke of Suffolk claiming his daughter Lady Jane Grey as Queen while Thomas Wyatt led a force from Kent to London on behalf of the claims of Elizabeth. Both rebellions were quickly crushed and Lady Jane Grey was finally executed.
  Mary was then to suffer the humiliation of two false pregnancies in 1554 and then in 1555--finally resulting in Philip leaving for Flanders to command his army against the French. The disgrace of her phantom pregnancies and the absence of her beloved husband sent Mary into deep depression. As a result, she became even more devoted to the cause of restoring the Catholic Church in England and eliminating Protestant dissent.
  Elizabeth was finally recalled to court in 1555. In 1556, Philip became the new King of Spain upon his father's abdication and returned briefly to England to persuade Mary to support Spain in a war against France. Whilst in England, it was agreed that Spain would support Elizabeth as being the next monarch, against Mary Queen of Scots who had married Francis II of France.
  Following the disasterous campaign in support of Spain against the French, the English lost Calais--the last remaining English continental possession in 1558. Mary died soon after and Elizabeth ascended to the throne at the age of 25.
  From the beginning of her reign in 1558 for a decade following, England was drowning in rumours of who Elizabeth would marry. However, there is no credible evidence whatsoever that Elizabeth displayed any sincere desire for marriage, nor for masculine company--testifying to the truth of the horror and sexual abuse inflicted upon her as a young girl by Thomas Seymour. Whether she was unable to conceive due to complications from an abortion in 1548 rather than birth is not known.
  The tension and risk of civil war amongst the nobles on account of the reluctance of Elizabeth towards male company and outright refusal to marriage cannot be underestimated. Parliament repeatedly petitioned her to marry and in 1566 the House of Commons even threatened to withhold funds if she did not marry.
  To end the intolerable tension, Elizabeth manufactured a brilliant solution--from no earlier than 1566 she began wearing a wedding band as recognition to her "marriage to England". Thus from 1566, she maintained she was technically married. Furthermore, it appears from the same time Elizabeth permitted a handful of trusted men of her court to enter her private quarters, causing the spreading of numerous rumours of the Queen having illicit "affairs", including Rober Dudley, Earl of Leicester and later such nobles as François, Duke of Anjou in 1581-- 22 years her junior.
  Contrary to the deliberate 19th Century fabrication of the false label "Virgin Queen", there is no credible evidence that Elizabeth was ever called such a label, nor was there ever a cult of the virgin surrounding her--not the least because of her ardent stand against the largest "virgin" cult in the world--the Vatican. Instead, this false and misleading label was introduced to deliberately confuse concerning the true origin of the name of the "Virginia" companies that founded the east coast of North America.
  The arrival of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1561--the former Queen consort of France-- would have severely shaken Elizabeth and her Protestant advisers such as Sir Francis Walsingham. As a devout Catholic and legitimate claimant to the throne, Elizabeth would have been too aware of the power of Mary to rally Catholic support in Scotland, England and Ireland to her cause. The birth of James in 1564 through marriage of 1st cousins was a clear and umistakable message that the Catholic Church intended to end the Protestant Church ultimately through a Catholic King with an undeniable pedigree.
  To circumvent the plans of Mary, Elizabeth and her advisors hatched a plan and Lord Darnley was murdered in an explosion at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh in February 1567. Mary then remarried in May 1567 to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell. In the meantime, Walsingham and his agents had succeeded in circulating rumours amongst the Scottish families that it was James Hepburn who murdered Lord Darnley and that Mary had shown signs of being an unfit mother.
  The final part of the plan of Elizabeth and her advisers occured the following month in June 1567 when she nominated the infant James as her heir apparent and Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Great Stewart of Scotland. The Protestant intelligence service of Walsingham supported by Scottish protestant noble families then had Mary arrested, imprisoning her at Loch Leven Castle and forcing her to abdicate in favour of her infant son as James VI of Scotland.
  In 1568, Mary escaped from prison, rallying a Catholic army to try and gain the freedom of her son. However, Mary was defeated by the Earl of Moray at the Battle of Langside in the same year--largely through the treachery of the Earl in threatening the life of the young Prince. Contrary to deliberate historical falsities, Mary was captured through this trickery at the actual Battle of Langside--rather than the absurd claim she entered English territory with a minor escort.
  In revenge, the Catholics managed to have the Earl of Moray murdered by 1570 and James then witnessed a string of regents, all ultimately meeting similar fates until 1581 when James finally gained control of his own government and promptly had his last regent--James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton executed in June 1581.
  Contrary to 19th and 20th revisionism, England remained financially weak during the first decades of the reign of Elizabeth with Spain and France dominant, followed by various trading blocs such as the Hanseatic League of Northern Europe. However, upon the rise of the Swedish Empire and trade feuds, England sensed an opportunity to gain a foothold to the north and in 1579 Elizabeth granted a Crown Charter to the Company of Merchants to the East (also known as the North Sea Company and Eastland Company).
  The success of this venture in growing trade wealth to the desperately poor England gave rise to a new crown chartered company formed in 1581 known as the Company of Merchants of England trading to the Seas of the Levant (also known as the Levant Company and Turkey Company) by Sir Eward Osborne and Richard Staper--to exploit trade with Egypt, Ottomans and the middle east.
  During this whole period, James continued to petition his "godmother" Elizabeth I for the safe release of his mother Mary. Then in late 1586, Elizabeth convinced James --on threat of losing his heir apparent status to the English throne--to sign the Treaty of Berwick in which James pledged to protect Elizabeth and vice versa and to come to each others aid in the event of attack.
  No sooner had the ink dried on the Treaty than Elizabeth had Mary tried for treason and executed in February 1587. James never forgave the treachery of Elizabeth and the Protestant nobles for what they did to his mother--supported by the few words on the subject that have survived history. However, the young Scottish king was forced to support Elizabeth or risk losing everything. That James did not declare war on Elizabeth on the murder of his mother is testament to the strength of Fr. William Weston S.J. his Jesuit counsel.
  The Treaty would soon be put to the test with arrival of The Spanish Armada in July 1588 against which James was forced to provide ships to Charles Howard and Francis Drake as well as troops against the expected invasion. Following the victory of the English, James left Scotland for Copenhagen by September 1589 to be officially married to Anne of Denmark, Daughter of Protestant King Frederick II of Denmark. He returned to Scotland the following year around May 1590.
  In 1590, the reign of Elizabeth was rocked by the deaths of some of her closest and most trusted advisors including Sir Francis Walsingham and Sir Christopher Hatton. As a result, her grip on power and the nature of her government changed dramatically under the influence of such men as William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley. Interrogations increased, executions increased and the brief period of economic improvement vanished.
  In 1600, Elizabeth granted a royal charter entitled Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies or better known as the East India Company (also the East India Trading Company and English East India Company)- providing for a monopoly of trade with all countries to the east of the Cape of Good Hope and to the west of the Straits of Magellan.
  Elizabeth died in 1603. She was succeeded by James I.
   
   
Copyright © One-Evil.org 2011. All Rights Reserved
Home 
People