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Key Facts |
| Other names |
Philip the Handsome |
| Born |
1268 |
| Location |
Fontainebleau, France |
| Bloodline |
House of Capet |
| Married |
Joan I of Navarre (1271–1305) |
| Children |
Louis X (1289–1316)
Philip V (1293–1316)
Charles IV (1294–1328)
Isabelle, Queen of England (c.1295–1358) |
| Position |
King of France (1285-1314) |
| Died |
29 November 1314 |
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Source of Facts and Important Announcement |
| Status |
Under Article 64.6 of the Covenant of One-Heaven (Pactum De Singularis Caelum) by Special Qualification shall be known as a Saint, with all sins and evil acts they performed forgiven. |
| Date of formal Beatification |
Day of Redemption UCA[E1:Y1:A1:S1:M9:D1] also known as Fri, 21 Dec 2012. |
| Source of Facts |
Self Confession and Revelation of Sainthood by the Deceased Spirit as condition of their confirmation as a true Saint. |
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Background |
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Philip was born at the Palace of Fontainebleau at Seine-et-Marne, the son of King Philip III and Isabella of Aragon. Philip was nicknamed the Fair (le Bel) because of his handsome appearance. |
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His first major political and military experience was at the age of just 16, he headed an Papal sanctioned army with Charles, Count of Valois and attacked the cities and towns of the county of Roussillon in Basque Spain, killing thousands in the city of Elne and Girona by 1285. |
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This war was hatched and approved by Pope Martin IV (1281-1285) in his war against the Aragonese. |
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However in September 1285 near Les Formigues Islands, about 85 km northeast of Barcelona Catalan-Sicilian galley fleet commanded by Roger of Lauria defeated the French and Genoese galley fleet commanded by Guilhem de Lodeva, Henry di Mari, and John de Orrea. Around the same time, the French and Genoese land troops fell sick. |
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Philip succeeded in arranging terms with King James II of Majorca for himself and the Royal family to retreat back to France. But his army was destroyed in retreat at the Battle of the Col de Panissars in the Pyrenees. His father died soon after on 5th October 1285. |
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Philip IV returned from the disasterous campaign a king, but a disgrace upon the French subjects for his defeat. This defeat was to have a significant impact on the design of Philip's early rule. |
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As Philip IV slowly re-built the armed forces and treasury, he was challenged by King Edward I of England (1293-1307). As Duke of Aquitaine, the English King was a vassal to Philip and technically had to pay him homage. |
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When Edward I refused to attend a summonse of Philip war broke out between England and France. To make matters worse, Philip was then faced with an uprising in Flanders with his army sent to put down the rebellion itself being destroyed at the Battle of the Golden Spures in 1302. |
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Philip negotiated an end to hostilities with the English Treaty of Paris (1303). He then personally defeated the Flemish at Mons-en-Pévèle in 1304. Following his success, he inflicted great cruelty on the Flemish population causing the starvation of tens of thousands and crippling the economies of hundreds of villages and towns. |
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However, his reign of terror and constant investment in military and arms left the French monarchy officially broke by the beginning of 1306. Philip then undertook a number of drastic measures to stave the complete financial collapse of his kingdom. |
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Firstly, he enacted new anti-semitic laws against the Jews so that their assets could be seized, expelling them in what became known as the "Great Exile of 1306". |
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Next, Philip levied taxes on the French clergy demanding one half of their annual income. Pope Boniface VIII replied by issuing the Papal Bull Clericis laicos, forbidding the transferance of any church property to the French Crown and prompting a drawn-out diplomatic battle with the King. |
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On July 7th 1304, Pope Benedict XI was successfully poisoned to death by agents of William of Nogaret, the prime minister of King Philip IV of France setting off another civil war between the militias of the French and Italian Cardinal dynasties which was to last almost a whole year. |
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During the civil war of the French and Italian Cardinals within which there was no Pope, Bertrand de Got sought and obtained the patronage of King Philip IV of France (1285-1313) for his candidacy to the Papal throne. |
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It is entirely possible his knowledge of the Knight Templar and some agreement with King Philip concerning the seizing of their assets might have been part of this bargain to purchase the papacy. |
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In 1305, At Bordeaux, Bertrand was formally notified of his election and urged to come to Italy; but fearing assassination by the Italian Cardinals, he selected Lyon for his coronation, November 14, 1305, which was celebrated with magnificence and attended by Philip IV. |
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Early in 1306, Clement V dutifully annulled several edicts and papal bulls that were in offence to King Philip IV, in particular Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, the two bulls of Boniface VIII. |
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Pope Clement V continued in accomodating the wishes of his patron King Philip IV. In 1306 he summonsed The Templar Grand Master Jacques de Molay and the Hospitaller Grand Master Fulk de Villaret. |
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De Molay arrived first and Clement V set about demanding they open themselves up for complete account including revealing their fortunes on charges of heresy by King Philip IV. Grand Master Fulk de Villaret successfully negotiated a payment to the Papacy but at the same time directed the attention of the Pope to claims of vast treasures of the Templars. |
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De Molay refused Pope Clement V, which only inflamed his anger and the sense of some truth in the misdirections of then Grand Master Fulk de Villaret. |
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On Friday October 13, 1307 with an official Papal bull written by the French Pope, the troops of King Philip IV undertook a simultaneous raid and arrest of the leadership of the Templars on the false charges of heresy. |
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Philip rewarded his Pope with a refurbished palace at Pouters and in March 1309 the entire Papal court was removed from Rome to France. |
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Meanwhile King Philip IV commissioned a massive and fortified palace complex at Avignon in honor of his French Pope and in 1313 the Papacy moved to its new palatial homes at Avignon, France. |
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To this day, it is not known how much treasure was unlawfully taken by Philip IV because of the false actions of Pope Clement. However, the fact that Philip IV was bankrupt prior to the seizure of the Templars and was then able to lavish the Pope with new palaces years after indicates the Templar treasures must indeed have been vast. |
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Most Evil Crimes |
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Death and Legacy |
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